Latch and look combined



(ModeL) 3 SheetsSheet l.

D. E. GRANT. LATCH-AND LOOK COMBINED.

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3 SheetsSheet 2.

(ModeL) D. 1-]. GRANT. LATCH AND LOOK COMBINED.

No. 436,780. Patented Sept. 23, 1890.

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A 77' DRIVE Y 8.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DUNoAN E. GRANT, or QUEBEC, CANADA.

LATCH AND LOCK COMBINED.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 436,780, dated September 23, 1890.

Application filed September 13, 1889. Serial No. 323,857. (ModeL) To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, DUNCAN E. GRANT, of Quebec, in the Province of Quebec and Do minion of Canada, have invented a new and useful ImprovementinLatch-Locks, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to an improvement in latch-locks, and has for its object to provide a lock which can be fitted entirely with an auger, and thereby obviate the long and troublesome operation of mortising.

Afurther object of the invention is to economize in material by combiningin one look the ]properties of a latchdoclga deaddock,and a olt.

The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters and figures of reference indicate correspondingparts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a partial elevation of the inner side of a door, illustrating the application of the lock. Fig. 2 is a side view of the lock with one casing-section removed, showing the working parts as they are when the boltis in its normal position. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal horizontal section taken on lines 3 3 of Figs. 2, 4, and 6. Fig. 4. is a back end view of the lock introduced into a door. Fig. '5 is a transverse section on lines 5 5 of Figs. 2 and 3, the lock being in the door. Fig. 6 is a transverse section on lines 6 6 of Figs..2 and 3. Figsj7 and 8 are side views of the bolt-lockingplates employed. Fig. 9 is a partial vertical section through the rose, bolt-handle, and stopplates. Fig.10 is a back view of the rose, with handle and both stop-plates in position. Fig. 11 is a side elevation of a sleeve utilized in looking the bolt from the outside of the door. Fig. 12 is an end view of the said sleeve and a p: 11 View of the spring employed in connection therewith. Fig. 13 is a central longitudinal section through the said sleeve. Fig. 14. is a front View of the crank and its rose, used for locking the door from the inside. Fig. 15 is a back View of said device. Fig. 1G is a section of the same on line 16 of Figs. 14 and 15. Fig. 17 is a side view of the bolt. Fig. 18 is a transverse section of the bolt on line 18 of Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a back view of the rose used in connection with the bolt-handle, showing slot in which the stop-plates slide. Fig.

20 is a detail view of the stop-plates used in connection with the rose.

Fig. 21 is a plan view of a front plate, which may be employed in connection with the lock. Figs. 22 and'23 are a back view and a side elevation,respectively, of the racks adapted to slide in the groove of the bolt. Fig. 24 is a front view of the key-plate, and Fig. 25 is a longitudinal section of the same.

The lock is essentially circular in cross-section, and may be made of any desired diameter; but in practice it is found that the di-' ameter of one inch is the proper size for the majority of room-doors, and admits of the use of a spindle-pinion capable of withdrawing the bolt the required distance without more than about a quarter-turn of the handle. In very small doors of, for instance, one inch or less in thickness, from which the auger would remove too much wood, the lock is fitted by mortising, for which purpose it is made thinner without the exterior projection 45, and instead of the circular front plate and screwthread of the auger-lock is supplied with a front plate of the style shown in Figs. 1 and 21. The object of the rounded ends of the plate shown in Fig. 21 is to enable it to be fitted with an anger.

The dotted lines 13 indicate the circles out by the auger, the triangular sections 14. being'all that it is necessary to remove with a chisel.

The lock illustrated is of the standard size, and the casing is made in two longitudinal sections A and B, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6.

For the usual front plate is substituted a circular front plate of slightly-larger diameter than the lock, and a screw-thread is produced upon the upper end of the casing and the inner edge of the front plate beveled, as shown,

By thus.

respectively, at 10 and 11 in Fig. 2.

thread is made such that when the circular front plate comes flush with the edge of the door the bolt will be in its proper position.

The bolt is held to slide within the easing, which bolt, as illustrated in Figs. 17 and 18, is essentially rectangular in cross-section, being reduced in depth at both ends, forming shoulders 16 and 17 and 16% and 171}, and the head is beveled in the usual manner at the extremity projecting beyond the front of the casing. In the center of the bolt a slot 18 in two diameters is produced extending through from side to side, and at the inner end in each side face of the bolt a longitudinal channel 19 is produced, as shown in Fig. 17, the top and bottom edges being also each provided with a longitudinal groove 20, as illustrated in Fig. 18. In each of the grooves 20 of the bolt a rack 21 is loosely fitted, the teeth whereof face inward, as shown in Fig. 2, and the side walls of the bolt-slot 18 are concaved at or near the center on one side of the bolt only, to permit of the introduction of the spindle-pinion wheel 22, which operates the racks, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 5. Each rack 21 is provided with a T-head 23 at one end, the members whereof bear against the shoulders 16 and 17 of the bolt. The head of the bolt is normally held beyond the end of the casing by a spring 24, located in the narrow portion of the slot 18, having a bearing upon the bolt at one end and upon a post 25 at the other end, which post or offset is formed on casing-section B, and passing through the bolt-slot 18 is secured to casing-section A. The two sliding racks are of precisely the same pattern and size, and the object of having two racks is to allow the door to be opened by turning the handle in either direction, as when one rack is engaged in withdrawing the bolt the other rack merely slides forward inoperatively in its groove and the space 25, intervening between the boltshoulders 16 or 17 and the front end of the lock-case.

The pinion 22 is provided with trunnions 26, having a rectangular bore through which the spindle 27 passes, and the rear face of each trunnion is flattened, as shown at 28 in Fig. 5, for a purpose hereinafter stated.

The spindle 27, Figs. 2 and 3, is the usual square one of the same size throughout, but without screw-holes, and the handles 29, Figs. 1 and 9, are of the usual form, except that the portion which enters the rose 30, Fig. 9, is reduced in diameter and provided with a peripheral groove 31 a short distance from the end, and a lug or projection 32, extending at a right angle from one side of the inner end, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. The rose is of the ordinary sizeand shape, and is provided with a groove 33, Fig. 19, cut in one wall (f the opening, through which the handle passes to admit of the passage of the handle projection 32, and in the back of the rose a broad shallow channel or slot 34, Fig. 19, is produced, extending from side to side, and two studs 35 are driven or otherwise inserted in the back within the slot or channel, as best shown in Figs. 10 and 19.

The slot or channel 34 is adapted to receive a stop-plate 36, Figs. 10 and 20, in two sections B and B as best shown in Fig. 20. In the inner end of each section a semicircular opening or recess 37 is formed, and at each side thereof a smaller opening 38 of similar character is made. When the rose has been secured to place, the spindle passed through the lock, and the handle pushed into position, one section of the stop-plate is slid into the rose-channel 34 from above and the other from below, until they enter the handlegroove 31 surrounding the handle-shank and resting against the studs 35, to the contour of which they conform, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. Each plate-section is then held in position by a screw, and the handles are securely locked in place thereby, and are rendered free from thelooseness and rattle of the usual screw-and-washer style of fastening, and the spindle, moreover, requires no adjustment.

When the handle is turned, the pinion 22 moves back one of the racks, which, through its cross-head bearing on the shoulders of the bolt, draws the latter back until the projections 32 of the handles strike one or the other of the studs 35 upon the handle-rose, and further movement of the handle in that direction is stopped. The object of limiting the movement of the handles is to prevent any greater stress being put upon the teeth of the racks and pinion than the power of the spring 24, which might happen if the movement of the bolt was limited instead of that of the handles. Then the handles are released, the spring 24 pushes forward the bolt 15, and the bolt draws forward with it the rack which was active in pulling it back, and thereby revolves the pinion 22, causing the latter to slide the'other rack back until its cross-head 23 comes into contact with the shoulders of the advancing bolt, whereby both racks act equally to prevent further movement of the bolt, and the pinion-wheel is held by them in such a position that the flattened sides of its trunnions are presented to the locking-plates.

In connection with the bolts two lockingplates 39 and 40 are employed, the plate 39 being adapted to prevent the bolt from moving when the door is locked from the outside, and the plate 40 when it is locked from the inside. The locking-plates slide in the side channels 19 of the bolt, and are carried by said bolt as it moves. The bodies of the plates,

or those portions in contact with the bolt, are identical in construction, being rectangular and provided at the outer end with heads 41, capable of entering the central slot 18 of the bolt, and provided with convex rear edges conforming to the concavity of the rear wall of that slot, as best shown in Fig. 2, and at the rear end of the bodies cross-bars or vertical projections 42 are formed, which come in contact with the rear shoulders of the bolt, if the bolt be forced from in front. The locking-plate 39 is provided in the rear with a narrow tongue 43, extending from the rear end of the body in the same plane with it, and in the locking-plate 40 for the tongue is substituted a link 44, capable of sliding in the casing and through which passes the locking device of plate 39. The locking-plates might be made of one piece with the bolt if it were not that in that case, if, when the bolt had been blocked by the door being locked from either the outside or theinside, an attempt to open the door by turning the handle was made, considerable force might be brought to bear upon the teeth of. the rack and pinion, sufficient, possibly, to break them. To avoid that danger and prevent the teeth at any time having to sustain any greater pressure than that of the spring 24 the locking-plates are provided and their action is as follows: When the bolt is pushed forward by the action of the spring 24, the heads 41 of the locking-plates 39 and 40 are caught by the rear end wall of the bolt-slot 18 and pressed against the flattened surfaces 28 of the pinion-trunnions 26. Then when the door is locked either from the inside or the outside the inner or rear end of one or other of the locking-plates is blocked in a manner to be hereinafter set forth, and the handles in consequence cannot be turned, and if an attempt be made to turn the handles the pressure will not fall upon the teeth of the racks and pinion, but upon the trunnions of the pinion and the locking-plate 39 or 40, as the case may be, and both of them are amply strong enough to sustain any pressure that can be exerted by means of the handle; but if from the slightest defect in workmanship the lockingplates were not a perfectly-accurate fit of the distance between their locking devices at one end and the flattened side of the pinion-trunnion at the other end, a very slight movement of the pinion would be possible when the door was locked, and as the diameter of the pinion is larger than that of its trunnions it would travel quicker, and the pressure would in that case fall on the teeth of the pinion and rack instead of on the trunnion and locking-plate. To prevent the possibility of that occurring the bodies of the locking-plates are made about an eighth of an inch longer than the grooves of the bolt in which they slide, so that if there is any movement of the pinion when the door is locked the bolt will move slightly back until the trunnion comes in contact with the end of the locking-plate, when all the pressure beyond the power of spring 24 will be transferred to the lockingplate, from which it will be seen that neither by means of the handle nor by forcing thebolt from in front can any greater pressure be brought to bear on the teeth of the pinion and racks than that of the spring 24.

In order to effect the locking of the bolt from the outside, a key is employed and offsets 45 and 46 are respectively formed upon the sections B and A of the casing nearv the rear, which offsets are in horizontal alignment, as shown in Figs. 3 and 6. The wards of the key, which may be varied indefinitely, are turned upon the opposite faces of these offsets, as shown at 47 in Fig. 6, and a slot 48 is cut in the outer offset across the entire diameter of the circle described by the key to admit of the keybeing withdrawn after having made a half-turn, and to render picking more difficult the slot is carried a little farther down in the offset 46 than the wards. Across the said offset 46 of the end attached to the casing and parallel with the casing a diamet rical opening 49 is produced, through which opening the tongue 43 of the locking-plate 39 passes when the lock is open and the bolt drawn backward.

A sleeve 50 is loosely mounted upon the offset 46 and upon the inner portion of the offset 45, being free to turn thereon, which sleeve is illustrated in detail in Figs. 11, 12, and 13. Near the end of the sleeve turning upon the offset 45 an interior circumferential rib 51 is formed, which enters the space between the contiguous faces of the offsets, and is provided with two diametrically-opposite notches 52, capable of registering with the key-slot in the offsets. When the key is introduced into the slot in the offsets, it passes through one or the other of the notches 52, according as it is inserted turned up or down, and when it is turned it presses against the end of the rib and carries the sleeve around with it until motion is arrested by the lug 53, formed upon the periphery of the sleeve, coming in contact withthe shoulder 54 of the casing opposite that from which it started, as shown in Fig. 2. An opening 56 is produced in the sleeve at the end next case B slightly larger than the opening 49 in the offset 46, and when the door is unlocked this opening 56 is on the side nextthe bolt, whereby the tongue of the locking-plate 39 may pass through the said offset 46 its entire length as the bolt is drawn back; but when the door is locked by giving the sleeve a half-turn the opening 56 is carried to the opposite side of the offset and the entrance of the tongue into the offset-opening is effectually blocked as the plain side of the sleeve is presented to it.

In order to prevent any accidental movement of the sleeve by the shaking or slamming of' the door, a small flat spring 57, Fig. 12, with a hole in its center is fitted over a second lug 58 upon the sleeve. This spring is carried around by the sleeve, when it is moved by the key and its ends pressing against the surrounding portion of the casing, as shown in Fig. 2, it holds the sleeve fast in whatever position it is left by the key.

The locking of the door from the inside is effected by giving the crank 59 (illustrated in Figs. 14, 15, and 16) a half-turn to the left. The crank is provided with a square shaft 60, which shaft is inserted in the square bore of an externally-threaded cylindrical block 61, screwed into section B of the casing, as best shown in Fig.3, and the thread being given a quarter-inch pitch the cylindrical block 61 can be advanced or withdrawn an eighth (-t) of an inch by giving the crank a half-turn to left or right. The threaded block 61 is of the same length as the width of section B of the loclccasing, whereby when its inner end is flush with the inner face of casing-section B a space 62 intervenes between the end of the block and the casing-section A, into which space, when the door is unlocked, the link portion 44. of the locking-plate 4O slides, its link shape enabling it to pass on either side of the sleeve 50. By advancing the block 61 about an eighth of an inch by a halt-turn of the crank when the bolt 15 is in its normal position,the cylindrical block 61 enters the space 62 and effectually prevents the link-shaped lockingplate from moving, and so locks the door from the inside. The portion of the crankshaft which moves in the rose is round, and has at its outer end, projecting at right angles on opposite sides, two lugs of different size and length, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, while the portion extending beyond thelugs is squared to suit the bore of the cylindrical block 61.

The rose 63 has in the back a central recess.

64, (shown in Figs. 15 and 16,) and a circular opening in the center of the diameter of the round portion of the crank-shaft, through the walls of which, diametrically opposite each other, are out slots corresponding in size and shape to the lugs or projections on the crankshaft, so as to admit of their passage through the rose. WVhen the crank-shaft has been passed through the rose, it is given a quarterturn, and the studs 67, Fig. 15, are then screwed into place. By means of them the movement of the crank is limited to half a turn, while its projecting lugs are prevented from coming opposite the slots by which they entered, and in consequence the crank-shaft cannot be withdrawn from the rose. Thecrank-shaft is then inserted in the bore of the cylindrical block 61, and the rose secured in its proper position. This shaft, like the handle-shaft, possesses the advantage of requiring no adjustment, as the shaft merely enters more or less into the bore of block 61, as the doors may vary in thickness.

For doors which have pivoted windows or fan-1i ghts above themsuch as m osthotels and some dwelling-house bedroom-doors have-a set-screw 68, Figs. 14 and 16, is fitted in the end of the crank, which when the door is locked inside may be introduced into the aperture 69 in the rose as a security against the crank being turned by any person on the outside by means of anything inserted through the window above. A single knob may also be used in place of the crank, though it will not indicate as the crank does by its position when the door is open and when it is closed.

The key-plate shown in Figs. 24 and 25 is designed to be fitted with an auger. 'It'is l inside it cannot be opened from the outside,

even with its own key. A further advantage consists in the fact that the lock can be used indiscriminately as a right or as a left hand look without the necessity of any alteration.

The small amount of material required in its .85 it occupies may also be cited as advantages,

construction and the small amount of space and it will also be observed that the handles are securely fastened without any screws to work loose or washers to rattle, as they frequently do in the present style of fastening.

Having thus described my invention,I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Pat- 1. In a latch-lock, the combination of a bolt having side shoulders near both ends with racks sliding in grooves in the bolt, and each provided with a cross-head at one end adapted to bear on the forward shoulders of the bolt, and a spindle-pinion meshing with the racks, by the revolution of which either to the right or left hand the bolt can be withdrawn, substantially as described.

2. In a latch-lock, the combination of a bolt having a central slot and top and bottom and side longitudinal grooves with a spring contained in the central slot, and bearing with one end on the bolt and with the other on a projection oroffset of the casing, which passes through the said slot and on which the bolt slides, racks sliding in the top and bottom grooves of the bolt and each having at one end a cross-head adapted for contact with the forward shoulders of the bolt, and a spindlepinion held to revolve in the central slot of the bolt and meshing with the sliding racks, substantially as shown and described.

3. In a latch-lock, the combination of a springactuated bolt, racks sliding in the top and bottom grooves of said bolt, and a pinion capable of operating the racks, with a rectangular spindle passing through the pinion, a handle or handles having the shank portion provided with a central rectangular bore adapted to receive the said spindle, and having a lug projecting at a right angle from one side of the inner end, and a rose having a central circular bore with a slot cut through the wall of it for the passage of the handle-shank and its projecting lug, and also having on the back two studs so placed as to come in contact with the lug of the handle-shank as it revolves and so limit the revolution of the handle and pinion-wheel to the required distance, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In a latch-lock, the combination of a spring-actuated bolt, racks held to slide in said bolt, a pinion for operating the racks, and a spindle passing through said pinion, with a handle or handles the shank portion of which is made in two diameters having near the inner end of the shank a peripheral groove, a rose having a central circular bore adapted to receive the portion of the handle-shank of smaller diameter and having across the back a broad shallow channel, and a stop-plate in two sections which slide in said channel and are recessed at the inner ends so as to render them capable of entering the peripheral groove on the shank of the handle and of surrounding the shank and the rose-studs on either side of it for the purpose of securing the handle to the rose, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a latch-lock, the combination of the bolt with two locking-plates carried in parallel grooves on opposite sides near the rear of said bolt and capable of a slight longitudinal movement in the grooves of said bolt, substantially as described.

6. I11 a latch lock, the combination of a bolt, sliding racks for withdrawing said bolt, and a spindle-pinion for operating said racks having its trunnions flattened on one side, with a locking plate or plates adapted to prevent the movement of the pinion when the door is locked by coming in contact at the forward end with the flattened side of the piniontrunnions and at the rear end with their respective locking devices, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a latch -lock, the combination of a spring-actuated bolt having top and bottomand side grooves and side shoulders near both ends, racks sliding in the top and bottom grooves of said bolt, a spindle-pinion meshing with said racks and having its trunnions fiattened on one side, and a locking-plate carried in the inner side groove of the bolt having a rectangular body fitted to slide in said groove, a cross-head at each end of the body and a tongue extending in the rear in line with the body, the forward cross-head being adapted to slide in the central slot of the bolt and come in contact on one side with the rear Walls of said slot and on the other side with the flattened side of the pinion-tru111iion,tl1e rear cross-head adapted to come in contact with the rear shoulders of the inner side of the bolt when the bolt is forced backward, and the tongue adapted to come in contact with the revolving sleeve, forming its locking device when the door is locked, or to enter said sleeve when the door is unlocked, with an apertured sleeve capable of being revolved by a key so as to present the plain side of the sleeve to contact with the tongue of the locking-plate when the door is locked and the apertured side for the entrance of said tongue when the door is unlocked, substantially as shown and described.

8. In a latch-lock, the combination, with a spring-actuated bolt, of racks sliding in longitudinal grooves in top and bottom of said bolt, a pinion for operating the racks held to revolve in the central slot of the bolt and having its trunnions flattened on one side, a locking-plate carried in the inner side groove of the bolt, having a forward cross-head capable of movement in the central slot of the bolt and fitted to come in contact with the rear wallof said slot on one side and the flatten ed side of the pinion-trunnions on the other side, a rear cross-head adapted for contact with the rear shoulders of the inner side of the bolt, and a tongue projecting horizontally from the rear crosshead in line with outer and inner sections of the casing in horizontal alignment with each other having the body of the plate, offsets formed on the wards cut in their opposing faces, a diametrical slot cut through the entire length of the outer oifset and a portion of the inner one, the inner one also having through its base parallel with the casing a diametrical open-- ing for the passage of the tongue of the locking-plate, a sleeve or cylinder mounted to turn on the offsets, having an opening on one side capable of registering with the opening in the inner offset, and an internal circumferential rib which fits between the opposing faces of the offsets, with two notches cut in it diametrically opposite each other capable of registering with the key-slot in the offsets for the admission of the key-bit, also having two proj ecting lugs of diiferent sizes, the larger one of which limits the movement of the sleeve to half a turn by coming in contact with one or other of the shoulders formed on opposite sides of the inner casing while the smaller one secures the spring in its place, a flat spring fitting over said smaller lug by means of an opening in the center and pressing against the surrounding casing for the purpose of preventing accidental movement of the sleeve, and a key by means of which said sleeve is revolved so as to present its plain side to contact with the tongue of the locking-plate when the door is locked and the apertured side for the entrance of said tongue when the door is unlocked, substantially as described.

9. In a latch-lock, the combination of a spring-actuated bolt provided with a central slot and having longitudinal grooves on top and bottom and both sides, a rack held to slide in each of the said top and bottom grooves, having a cross-head at one end adapted for contact with the forward shoulders of the bolt, and a pinion meshing with the said racks and having its trunnions flattened on one side, with a locking-plate comprising a rectangular body adapted to slide in the outer side groove of the bolt, a forward cross-head capable of sliding in the central slot of the bolt and adapted to come in con tact on one side with the rear wall of said slot and on the other side with the flattened side of the pinion-trunnions, a rear cross-head suited for contact with the rear shoulders of the outer side of the bolt, and a link-shaped projection in rear in line with the body of the plate fitted to pass on either side of the locking device of the other locking-plate and slide in the Vacant space between the outer and inner sections of the casing when the door is unlocked, an extcriorly-threaded cylindrical block screwed in the inner section of the casing and provided with a rectangular bore for the entrance of the crank-shaft, by means of which it can be advanced so as to prevent the movement of the locking-plate when the door is locked from the inside by filling up the vacant space in which said plate moves, or withdrawn to permit the movement of the locking-plate when the door is unlocked, a crank having that portion of its shaft which moves in its roseround in form,

with, projecting from it at right angles on opposite sides, two lugs of differentsizesand shape, while the portion of the shaft extending beyond the rose is rectangular and adapted to enter the bore of the cylindrical block for the purpose of turning it, and a rose having a central circular bore with slots of the same size and shape as the lugs on the crank-shaft cut through the walls of it on opposite sides for the passage of the crankshaft and its lugs, a central circular recess in the back in which the said lugs revolve, and two studs secured on opposite sides of the recess for the purpose of limiting the movement of the crank to half a turn and preventing the lugs from coming opposite the slots by which they passed through the rose, substantially as shown and described.

DUN CAN E. GRANT. Witnesses:-

JOHN RITCHIE, A. R. DRYNDAL. 

